$x=100
$y=0

try
{
Write-Host "$x / $y = $($x/$y)"
}
catch
{
Write-Host "Przepraszam - Wystąpił błąd"
$Error[0] 
"------------------------" | Out-File C:\Users\errors.txt -Append
Get-Date | Out-File C:\Users\errors.txt -Append
$Error[0] | Out-File C:\Users\errors.txt -Append
}

Get-Content C:\Users\errors.txt